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Animals in Zoos

Modern zoos have existed for more than 250 years.
Although their function has changed very little in that time and zoos are often controversial today.
Some people think that zoos are brutal and stressful places for animals. but other people think that zoos still play a useful role.
There are several advantages of keeping animals in zoos. Firstly zoos can help people understand appreciate wildlife more. Secondly research in zoos has increased our knowledge of biology and genetics. Finally zoos can protect the future of many animals that are in danger of extinction. For example breeding programs will help many species survive . Indeed there are some animals which now only exist in zoos.
Howevwr there are also several major arguments against keeping animals in zoos. What is more, critics say that zoos cannot recreate the enviroment in which animals naturally live, which means that animals are often depressed and bored. First of all, most animals find frequent contact with human visitors very stressful.
To sum up, , there are clearly both good and bad sides to keeping animals in zoos. In my opinion, as long as people kill innocent animals and destroy nature, zoos will always be necessary. 

8. Foreign Languages in Kindergarten

Foreign language instruction should begin in kindergarten. Discuss.

Write at least 250 words.


According to a famous saying, “The limits of my language are the limits of my world.” Indeed, the ability to speak several languages is considered one of the hallmarks of a cultured person. From this perspective, foreign language instruction should begin as early as possible in order to achieve near-native fluency. The reasons behind this approach are intellectual, social and professional.
Intellectually, learning a foreign language at a young age enables children to develop their brain. At this age, children’s minds are like sponges and their capacities are limitless. They can learn one, two or three languages without confusion; it would only serve to expand their minds. Therefore, it is ideal to start teaching a foreign language in kindergarten.
Socially, learning a foreign language enables the young child to enter a wider cultural world. By learning to speak, think and understand a different language, the child develops greater cross-cultural awareness. This critical ability enables the child to make friends with others who speak the additional language.
Professionally, by learning a foreign language in kindergarten, the child expands his/her future career horizons. In today’s increasingly globalized world, bilingual and multilingual individuals are in high demand. The child who achieves this fluency naturally and easily at a young age already has an edge over others in the job market.

In summary, numerous benefits flow from teaching a foreign language from kindergarten. The child will most likely grow up to thank those who made such a learning experience possible.

7. High School Success

What factors are related to academic success in high school students?

Write at least 250 words.


High school is a critical time in the life of young people. On the one hand, teenagers are eager to enjoy their freedom and independence. On the other hand, they must be disciplined enough to keep their priorities straight. In my opinion, three social institutions impact high school students the most at this vulnerable time – the family, peer group and school.
First, the family plays the central role by providing the backdrop in a young person’s life. A positive family environment provides love, support and encouragement for the student to do his/her best. Simultaneously, the family aims to instill discipline and ambition in the child. The influence and expectations of family members remain paramount at this time and throughout a young person's life.
Second, as a child turns into a teenager, the peer group begins to play an increasingly important role in his/her life. The friendships one develops at this highly sensitive stage can affect one's attitude to studies, authority, society and the world. In the right company, young people can get involved in positive activities that support their academic performance. With the wrong crowd, teenagers could develop a host of unhealthy and dangerous habits which impact not only their grades but all aspects of their lives.
Lastly, the school itself is a deciding factor in the student's academic success. A variety of elements determine how the students feel about school: the teachers, the staff, the facilities, the subjects, the text books, the method of instruction and more. All of these have a significant impact on the young person’s motivation to excel.
In conclusion, high school success is the product of various influences. We are all fortunate that, aside from a few unfortunate exceptions, the majority of students worldwide aspire to do well and grow up to become active and healthy participants in the world around them.
(309 words)



6. Better Parent

Many people believe that women make better parents than men
and that this is why they have a greater role in raising children in most societies.
Others claim that men are just as good as women at parenting.
Write an essay expressing your point of view. Give reasons for your answer.

To what extent do you agree with this statement?

You should write at least 250 words.


A child is born to two parents – a man and a woman. Both sexes play a crucial role in raising the child. Although fathers can make excellent parents, in my opinion, mothers are in reality better parents based on their natural intuition and compassionate tendencies.
Firstly, for a wide variety of socio-cultural reasons, women tend to have more intuitive intelligence than men. It is this intuition that enables the mother to know when her child needs her. In addition, women often know how to read non-verbal signals in human behavior, which can alert them to issues and problems in the child’s life. All of these “perceptive skills” play a major role in making the mother a close, responsible and responsive parent.
Secondly, most mothers share an inimitable bond with their children. Perhaps this bond arises during the nine months of pregnancy; perhaps it is reinforced through the act of breastfeeding. Whatever the cause, there often appears to be a lifelong silver chord or psychic connection between mother and child. As a result, the mother is able to evaluate the child’s actions from the viewpoint of his/her intentions, and not just results. This empathy is priceless and cannot easily be replicatedAlthoughfathers may form deep loving bonds with their children, they may not be able to match the depth of closeness shared by mother and child.
In conclusion, although both parents are certainly capable of caring for the child, the mother often makes a better parent. Anyone who has experienced the unconditional acceptance of a mother’s love can bear witness to this reality.
(260 words)



5. Public Transport

 Edit
The rising levels of congestion and air pollution found in most of the world cities
can be attributed directly to the rapidly increasing number of private cars in use.
In order to reverse this decline in the quality of life in cities,
attempts must be made to encourage people to use their cars less and public transport more.
Discuss possible ways to encourage the use of public transport.

To what extent do you agree with this statement?

You should write at least 250 words.


In a world of increasing environmental awareness improved public transport represents the way of the future. Although people do enjoy the convenience and privacy of traveling in their own private vehicles, in my opinion they may choose public transport if it fulfills certain conditions. These conditions fall into three broad categories: attitudinal, financial and logistical.

From an attitudinal perspective, people must first be convinced of the benefits of public transportation. An educational or public relations campaign must be launched to sensitize those who might have disregarded this possibility before. People should be familiarized with the environmental, social and personal benefits for present and future generations. This is one step.

From a financial perspective, public transportation must be a clear and viable benefit to consumers. In other words, it must be more affordable than driving to work every day. For example, if people know that by using bus and subway, they can save enough money to take a free holiday each year, many more individuals would be persuaded to travel in this way. This is another critical step.

From a logistical perspective, public transportation should be convenient for commuters. City planners and transport officials must ensure that frequent and reliable public transportation is available for each citizen. For people to make the habit of traveling by bus or subway, they must know that they will be able to get to various places on time. Transport vehicles must be well maintained, subway and bus drivers should be customer-oriented and service must be punctual and efficient. This is an additional important step.

In conclusion, through a multi-pronged approach, it is possible to increase the use of public transportation. City officials and politicians can lead the way by utilizing these forms of transport themselves and bringing about change through personal example. Then, more citizens will follow suit and we may all hope to live in a cleaner, less polluted environment.
(316 words)

4. Universities and Gender Issues

Universities should accept equal numbers of men and women in every subject.

To what extent do you agree with this statement?

You should write at least 250 words.


Gender issues have been increasing in importance through the centuries. In almost every sphere of human activity, there has been a movement towards greater equality between men and women. Although I agree that universities should open their doors to all students alike, in my view, they need not set a fixed limit on the number of men and women they accept in each subject. The bases for my views are psychological and personal.
Psychologically-speaking, men and women are simply different, though they have the same potential for greatness. For example, women tend to be more intuitive, sensitive to others and caring. This means they may feel drawn, on the basis of their personalities, to certain kinds of professions such as teaching, nursing, or psychology, even if all fields are open to them. In such a context, it is best for universities to choose the best applicants, regardless of gender.
Personally, students need to discover their true calling. This is an individual matter and is not influenced by the universities reserving seats for men or women. For example, if the majority of women shy away from math or engineering, perhaps it has to do with their upbringing, which has influenced their interests. The universities will not be able to reverse this trend, though they should always look out for the most qualified candidates.
In conclusion, equality cannot be forced upon people – not in the area of education, employment or family life. Equality is about having choices and those who prove themselves capable will qualify for university, regardless of gender. It is only right that universities reflect and respect these free and natural choices being exercised by their students.

(277 words)

3. Gap Year

In some countries, young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year 
between finishing high school and starting university studies. 
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this.

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

Write at least 250 words.


Taking a “gap year” off between high school and university has become a popular option among many young people. This time off provides a break after many years of formal study. Some students use this time to travel around the world, others volunteer and still others begin working. The idea behind each of these activities is to do something hands-on and refreshing, which enables young people to learn more about themselves and their place in the world around them.
The benefits of taking a year off are plentiful. On a personal level, students who travel away from home develop their independence and self-confidence. On a cultural level, they learn about viewpoints, traditions and perspectives different from their own. Professionally, students get a taste of diverse workplaces, which might inspire a possible career interest. Intellectually, they examine their own beliefs and ideas in relation to those of others in a new environment. All these advantages combine to make a strong case for taking the one-year break.
Nevertheless, there are also dangers involved in taking such a long break. Academically, the main drawback is that students can get sidetracked from their studies. A year is a long time and students could lose the good study habits and sense of discipline they had when they were in a formal academic structure. If they begin working, they could also be deluded into thinking that they’re making a lot of money. They could lose the benefit of college or university education and the chance to earn a higher income all their lives.
In conclusion, whether to take a year-long break or not is an individual decision. Each young person should consider his or her motivations carefully and decide on what’s most desirable. Time is a precious resource and people of all ages, including young people, should treat it with respect.
(305 words)


2. Salaries of Sport Athletes

Successful sports professionals can earn a great deal more money
than people in other important professions. 
Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair.
Discuss both these views and give your opinion.

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

Write at least 250 words.


The world of sports is a multimillion dollar industry. Around the globe, people flock to sporting events or watch their favourite teams faithfully each week on television. As a result, professional sports athletes receive huge salaries – well above, for example, those of doctors, lawyers, teachers or social workers. There is some debate about whether such outrageously high salaries are justified.
On the one hand, sport is viewed as a professional career, in which the top players should rightly earn high salaries. Athletes train rigorously from an early age to become peak performers in their field. They face tremendous pressure in each and every game, match or competition. Their personal lives are compromised and they lose all privacy. At the same time, their strong achievements bring honour and attention, not only to themselves, but also to their teams, schools, cities or countries.
On the other hand, various professions contribute to making our world run smoothly. Doctors put in at least ten years of grueling study and internship; their work saves lives. Teachers educate and inspire young people to be responsible citizens: their efforts produce the citizens of tomorrow. Social workers rescue individuals facing physical, mental and psychological challenges: their intervention creates safer societies.
Yet, professionals in the fields above usually struggle to get by, despite their meaningful and critical contribution to the world.
In my view, paying enormous salaries to sportspeople is unnecessary. We need to reconsider our social priorities and eliminate the great disparity in income received by diverse professionals. By doing so, we can build societies in which each one feels valued, appreciated and appropriately compensated for their own vocation or specialization.
(273 words)


1. Computers and Children

Using a computer every day can have more negative than positive effects on children.
Do you agree or disagree?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples
from your own knowledge or experience.

Essay 1 – High Score – Band 8-9

In today's modern world, computers are an essential part of everyday life. Around the globe, children often use computers from a very young age. Although it is important for children to participate in various well-balanced activities, in my opinion,children who use the computer daily are actually developing a critical skill for future success. The bases for my views are personal, academic, and professional.
From a personal point of view, computers are an invaluable resource to help young people explore the world around them. For example, children who use Internet to satisfy their curiosity about diverse topics are already becoming independent learners. No child with a computer is ever bored! By starting early in their lives, children feel totally at ease around computers; they are also able to take advantage of the wide range of services computers provide.
From an academic viewpoint, children have no choice but to master this technological invention. For instancewhen I was in university, students brought their laptops to class to take notes, do research and exchange information. They wrote assignments, created presentations and developed databases. Children who build early confidence and experience in these abilities are at a distinct advantage over those who have not.
From a professional perspective, the computer has found a permanent place in the workplace. Today, employers still pay to provide computer training to their employees. Tomorrow, corporations will expect prospective job applicants to already possess these critical job skills. Consequently, parents who encourage their child to use the computer for a reasonable period of time daily are in fact investing in the child's future career.
In conclusion, there is no doubt that the computer as a technological tool is here to stay. The sooner children become computer-literate, the better for many aspects of their future lives.
(299 words)

Essay 1 – Medium Score – Band 5-6
In today's modern world, computers are needed everyday. Around the world, children use computers from the time they are little. It's true that children should have fun when they are young; however, in my opinion, a child who knows how to use the computer will be more successful in the future. My reasons for this view are personal, academic and professional.
From a personal point of view, computers can help young people to learn more about the world. For example, some children use the Internet to find information on different subjects. In this way, they learn to find answers by themselves. By using the computer when they are little, children feel more comfortable around computers. They also know how to use the computer for different reasons.
From an academic viewpoint, children have to learn how to use this new invention. For instance, when I was in college, many students used to bring their laptops to class. They used to take notes, do research and share information. They wrote their essays, made presentations and created useful lists. Children who can use the computer when they are young have more confidence than other children.
From a professional perspective, the computer is found in every kind of office. Today, employers will still hire people who cannot use computers and give them computer training. But tomorrow, companies will expect people to have these skills already. As a result, by encouraging children to use the computer for a short time every day, parents are preparing their children for future jobs.
In conclusion, it is clear that computers are now a part of our regular life. Children who can use computers easily and confidently will do better in the future.

*************************************Stating Your Opinion

In my opinion,According to,
In my view,To my mind,
From my point of view,I think
It seems to me thatI believe
From my perspectiveTo my way of thinking
It appears thatI suppose
I realizeI understand
I imagineI feel
Giving Examples
For example,For instance,
such asIn other words,
aslike
that isnamely
To illustrateTo paraphrase
Comparing

Similar toAs...as
in commonalso
Either...orIn the same way,
Neither...norAt the same time
Just asresemble
Contrasting

However,But
On the contrary,On the other hand,
Differ fromNevertheless
AlthoughThough
OtherwiseInstead
Alternatively,Even though

Generalizing

Generally,Generally speaking,
Overall,On the whole,
In general,By and large,
It seems to me thatI believe
All in all,Basically,
Essentially,As a rule,
All things consideredFor the most part


Expressing Certainty

Certainly,Undoubtedly,
Doubtless,No doubt,
Definitely,Of course,


Expressing Partial Agreement

More or less,To some extent,
Up to a point,Almost,
In a way,So to speak,
Showing cause

Due toBecause
Because ofOwing to


Showing effect

Therefore,As a result,
Consequently,For this reason,
Thus,So,
therebyEventually,
Hence,The reason why


Marking time

First,Last
Second,Lastly,
Third,Then,
Firstly,First of all,
Secondly,Before
Thirdly,After
DuringWhile
To begin withAt the same time
SimultaneouslyAfter this / that
SinceMeanwhile
AfterwardsFollowing this
WhenAs soon as
Adding Information
FurthermoreIn addition
AlsoAnd
MoreoverSimilarly
LikewiseAs well as
BesidesToo
EvenWhat’s more


Expressing condition

IfWhether
In caseUnless
Provided thatSo that


Concluding

To summarizeIn conclusion
Lastly,Finally,
To conclude with,In short,
Начнем с видов сочинений, которые встречаются в IELTS. Всего их четыре:

  1. Expressing opinions (о Вашем мнении),
  2. Advantages/Disadvantages (достоинства и недостатки),
  3. Providing Solutions (решение каких-либо проблем),
  4. Discursive Essay (где Вас просят рассмотреть определенную тему с разных точек зрения).
Конечно, вступление и заключение должно присутствовать в каждом из этих типов сочинения, но они будут разными. Приведем таблицу в качестве иллюстрации:
external image essays3.png
essays3

1. Expressing opinions. Если в конце задания спрашивается, согласны Вы или нет, или в какой степени Вы согласны (Do you agree or disagree, to what extent do you agree?), то это сочинение должно быть полностью о Вашем мнении. Во вступлении Вы должны перефразировать тему задания, используя другие конструкции и синонимы, и обозначить свое мнение – согласны Вы или нет. В IELTS Academic Вам нужно будет еще добавить в какой степени (I agree/disagree completely/partly). А в последующих абзацах нужно доказывать, что Ваше мнение верно, объясняя причины и давая наглядные примеры. В заключении от Вас ожидают подведение итогов, но с использованием других слов-синонимов.
2. Advantages/Disadvantages. Данное сочинение должно быть более нейтральным, т.е. конкретно Ваше мнение здесь обычно не спрашивают. Вас попросят проанализировать достоинства и недостатки чего-нибудь (например, проживания в большом городе). Во вступлении Вам опять следует также обозначить тему другими словами (Помните, что если Вы используете те же слова, что и в задании, Вам их засчитывать не будут). Второй абзац можно посвятить преимуществам, а третий – недостаткам. В заключении Вы должны сделать вывод – выразите свое мнение, но без strong language, то есть без сильной эмоциональной окраски (hate, cannot stand, и т.д.).
3. Providing Solutions. В задании обозначена проблема, и Вас просят предложить решения для нее. В введении Вам следует объяснить, почему это являетс|| external image 87900212.jpg
||
87900212
я проблемой, каковы причины и последствия. Во втором абзаце Вы можете предложить первое решение и объяснить, как оно может помочь. Третий абзац рекомендуют посвятить второму альтернативному решению, опять же с примерами. В заключении выбрать лучшее решение, подвести итог и объяснение. Также, возможно высказать свое мнение, помогут ли эти решения и как быстро.

4. Discursive Essays. Рассмотреть проблему с разных точек зрения, например финансирование исследования космоса с точки зрения политики, экономики и населения страны. Встречается в IELTS Academic. Во вступлении формулируется тема с уточнением того, что многие люди оценивают ее по-разному. Во втором абзаце – рассматривается проблема с одной точки зрения (скажем, политической), подкрепляя основной тезис примерами и причинами. В третьем – с другой, например, экономической точки зрения. В заключении Вы можете поделиться своим мнением, придерживаясь при этом нейтрально – официального стиля.
Using a computer every day can have more negative than positive effects on children.
Do you agree or disagree?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples
from your own knowledge or experience.

Essay 1 – Medium Score – Band 5-6
In today's modern world, computers are needed everyday. Around the world, children use computers from the time they are little. It's true that children should have fun when they are young; however, in my opinion, a child who knows how to use the computer will be more successful in the future. My reasons for this view are personal, academic and professional.
From a personal point of view, computers can help young people to learn more about the world. For example, some children use the Internet to find information on different subjects. In this way, they learn to find answers by themselves. By using the computer when they are little, children feel more comfortable around computers. They also know how to use the computer for different reasons.
From an academic viewpoint, children have to learn how to use this new invention. For instance, when I was in college, many students used to bring their laptops to class. They used to take notes, do research and share information. They wrote their essays, made presentations and created useful lists. Children who can use the computer when they are young have more confidence than other children.
From a professional perspective, the computer is found in every kind of office. Today, employers will still hire people who cannot use computers and give them computer training. But tomorrow, companies will expect people to have these skills already. As a result, by encouraging children to use the computer for a short time every day, parents are preparing their children for future jobs.
In conclusion, it is clear that computers are now a part of our regular life. Children who can use computers easily and confidently will do better in the future.






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